Burden of Hypertension in the Capital of Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kabul City, 2015

Table 3

Bivariate analysis of biodemographic and socioeconomic factors and hypertension among study participants in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Variables	Categories	Normotensive	Hypertensive	Odds ratio	CI 95% LL	CI 95% UL
Age in years	25–34	495 (83.6)	97 (16.4)	1	Reference
	35–44	170 (58.8)	119 (41.2)	3.572	2.595	4.918
	45–54	85 (51.5)	80 (48.5)	4.803	3.301	6.988
	55 and over	43 (34.1)	83 (65.9)	9.85	6.422	15.108
Gender	Female	379 (63.3)	220 (36.7)	1	Reference
	Male	414 (72.3)	159 (27.7)	0.662	0.517	0.847
Level of education	Illiterate	368 (64)	207 (36)	1	Reference
	Literate	394 (72.2)	152 (27.8)	0.686	0.533	0.883
Monthly income (Afghanis)	≤150 USD	11 (68.8)	5 (31.2)	1	Reference
	≥150 USD	141 (72.3)	54 (27.7)	0.843	0.28	2.538
Smoking	No	712 (66.2)	363 (33.8)	1	Reference
	Yes	79 (83.2)	16 (16.8)	0.397	0.229	0.69
Snuffing	No	722 (68.6)	330 (31.4)	1	Reference
	Yes	67 (58.8)	47 (41.2)	1.535	1.034	2.278
Strong physical activity	No	717 (67.8)	340 (32.2)	1	Reference
	Yes	73 (66.4)	37 (33.6)	1.069	0.705	1.62
Moderate physical activity	No	642 (69)	288 (31)	1	Reference
	Yes	147 (62)	90 (38)	1.365	1.014	1.837
Sedentary lifestyle in hours daily	<3 hours	405 (67.8)	192 (32.2)	1	Reference
	≥3 hours	352 (67)	173 (33)	1.037	0.807	1.331
Fruits serving days per week	<3 days	523 (69.7)	277 (30.3)	1	Reference
	≥3 days	244 (64.2)	136 (35.8)	1.284	0.989	1.668
Vegetables serving days per week	<3 days	512 (67.7)	244 (32.3)	1	Reference
	≥3 days	272 (67.7)	130 (32.3)	1.003	0.774	1.299
Taking red meat in days per week	<2 days	121 (89)	15 (11)	1	Reference
	≥2 days	589 (65.7)	308 (34.3)	4.218	2.424	7.34