Impaired Glucose Metabolism Is Associated with Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability in Participants without Cardiovascular Disease
Table 1
Characteristics of participants with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose metabolism, and diabetes.
NGT
IFG
IGT
DM
5235
472
2795
1586
Mean age
(years)
64.8 ±
66.3 ±
65.1 ±
<0.001
Female
[ (%)]
2887 (55)
197 (42)
1340 (48)
726 (46)
<0.001
BMI
(kg/m2)
22.6 ± 2.9
23.4 ±
23.7 ±
24.2 ±
<0.001
Current smoker
[ (%)]
838 (16)
80 (17)
486 (17)
327 (21)
<0.001
Habitual drinker
[ (%)]
2174 (42)
250 (53)
1263 (45)
701 (44)
<0.001
Hypertension
[ (%)]
2046 (39)
261 (55)
1497 (54)
955 (60)
<0.001
Antihypertensive medication
[ (%)]
891 (17)
110 (23)
709 (25)
393 (25)
<0.001
Dyslipidemia
[ (%)]
539 (10)
41 (9)
343 (12)
149 (9)
0.005
Classified by SBP SD
High SD
1150
133
754
485
Mean age
(years)
66.7 ± 7.5
66.5 ± 7.5
67.1 ± 7.2
65.6 ±
0.005
Female
[ (%)]
624 (54)
59 (44)
396 (53)
213 (44)
<0.001
BMI
(kg/m2)
22.5 ± 2.9
23.6 ±
23.7 ±
24.0 ±
<0.001
Current smoker
[ (%)]
212 (18)
22 (17)
134 (18)
118 (24)
0.020
Habitual drinker
[ (%)]
490 (43)
76 (57)
314 (42)
208 (43)
0.010
Hypertension
[ (%)]
645 (56)
97 (73)
515 (68)
351 (72)
<0.001
Antihypertensive medication
[ (%)]
295 (26)
42 (32)
279 (37)
163 (34)
<0.001
Dyslipidemia
[ (%)]
104 (9)
11 (8)
90 (12)
37 (8)
0.059
Low SD
4085
339
2041
1101
Mean age
(years)
65.4 ± 7.3
64.1 ±
66.0 ±
64.9 ±
<0.001
Female
[ (%)]
2263 (55)
138 (41)
944 (46)
513 (47)
<0.001
BMI
(kg/m2)
22.6 ± 2.9
23.3 ±
23.7 ±
24.3 ±
<0.001
Current smoker
[ (%)]
626 (15)
58 (17)
352 (17)
209 (19)
0.020
Habitual drinker
[ (%)]
1684 (41)
174 (51)
949 (47)
493 (45)
<0.001
Hypertension
[ (%)]
1401 (34)
164 (48)
982 (48)
604 (55)
<0.001
Antihypertensive medication
[ (%)]
596 (15)
58 (20)
430 (21)
230 (21)
<0.001
Dyslipidemia
[ (%)]
435 (11)
30 (9)
253 (12)
112 (10)
0.074
Samples in the highest quartile were considered as having high SBP SDs and those in the remaining three quartiles as having low SBP SDs; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; SD, standard deviation; versus NGT; versus NGT; versus NGT; versus NGT.
