Microbial Sensing by the Intestinal Epithelium in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Figure 2

NOD2 and intestinal immune response. The NOD2 contains an effector-binding domain (CARD), a self-oligomerization domain (NOD), and a ligand recognition domain (LRR). The three CD-associated SNPs are located within or near the LRR domain. NOD2 is primarily localised in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages. Upon binding to its ligand, bacterial MDP, NOD activates the transcription factor NF-𝜅B, what mainly results in the expression of the antimicrobial defensins and various cytokines that trigger the antimicrobial response.