Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Heart Disease: Do Antioxidants Have a Role in Treatment and/or Prevention?

Figure 3

Oxidized phospholipids protrude from cell membranes in senescent endothelial cells forming oxidized lipid “whiskers.” Schematic representation of the lipid whisker model. Cell membranes of senescent endothelial cells can possess oxidized phospholipids with protruding sn-2-oxidized fatty acid acyl chains into the extracellular space. This conformation renders them accessible to interact with scavenger receptors and other pattern recognition receptors on the surface of platelets or probing macrophages of the circulatory and the immune system, adapted from [51].