Association between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Sleep Variables: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2005–2008

Table 3

Association between sleep variables and hyperuricemia, by gender.

Additive composite score	Sample size (Hyperuricemia %)	Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)	Multivariable-model 1^* OR (95% CI)	Multivariable-model 2^† OR (95% CI)
Men
0	1152 (23.9)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1	1387 (26.8)	1.16 (0.95–1.41)	1.19 (0.98–1.45)	1.05 (0.88–1.26)
2	632 (29.8)	1.34 (1.01–1.77)	1.40 (1.05–1.87)	1.08 (0.81–1.44)
≥3	160 (33.0)	1.56 (1.10–2.23)	1.70 (1.18–2.45)	1.26 (0.86–1.84)
𝑃-trend		0.0117	0.0039	0.3517
Women
0	1443 (11.2)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1	1204 (16.0)	1.41 (1.01–1.97)	1.41 (1.00–1.97)	0.99 (0.68–1.45)
2	409 (22.1)	2.12 (1.55–2.88)	2.06 (1.50–2.84)	1.21 (0.87–1.70)
≥3	104 (23.8)	2.48 (1.39–4.43)	2.31 (1.25–4.28)	1.12 (0.56–2.23)
𝑃-trend		<0.0001	<0.0001	0.3906

^*Model 1: Adjusted for age (years), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, and others), education (below high school, high school, and above high school), smoking (never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker), and alcohol intake (absent, present) in a multivariable logistic regression model.
^†Model 2: Additional adjusted for physical activity (moderate physical activity), body mass index (obese, nonobese), depression (absent, present), diabetes (absent, present), and total cholesterol (mg/dL) in a multivariable logistic regression model.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.