Review Article

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)—Current Practices

Table 2

Leriche-fontaine classification.

StagesSymptomsPathophysiologyPathophysiological classification

IAsymptomatic or effort pain.Relative hypoxiaSilent arteriopathy
II AEffort pain/pain-free walking distance >200 m.Relative hypoxiaStabilized arteriopathy, noninvalidant claudication
II BPain-free walking distance <200 m.Relative hypoxiaInstable arteriopathy, invalidant claudication
III ARest pain, ankle arterial pressure >50 mm Hg.Cutaneous hypoxia, tissue acidosis, ischemic neuritisInstable arteriopathy, invalidant claudication
III BRest pain, ankle arterial pressure <50 mm Hg.Cutaneous hypoxia, tissue acidosis, ischemic neuritisInstable arteriopathy, invalidant claudication
IVTrophic lesions, necrosis or gangrene.Cutaneous hypoxia, tissue acidosis, necrosisEvolutive arteriopathy

Adapted from [41].