Review Article

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Retinal Disease

Table 1

Studies that investigated topical NSAIDs for exudative AMD.

StudyDesign, sample size and study durationNSAIDTreatment group(s)OutcomesAuthor conclusions

Boyer et al.
(2007) [55]
Randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled
57 eyes
3 months
Diclofenac 0.1%Diclofenac with PDT (C) versus PDT for subfoveal classic CNVNo improvement in VA, lesion area, GLD, fluorescein leakage, or CMT No added benefit of diclofenac to PDT for subfoveal classic CNV

Grant
(2008) [56]
Retrospective, comparative
60 eyes
6 months
Bromfenac 0.09%Bromfenac with IVR (C) versus IVR for wet AMDVA increased more in C group ( )
Fewer injections in C group ( )
Combination therapy with bromfenac may be more efficacious than IVR alone

Zweifel et al.
(2009) [53]
Retrospective, uncontrolled
22 eyes
2 months
Bromfenac 0.09%Bromfenac with IVR/IVB for persistent SRF/IRFVA and CMT unchanged at end of studyNo added benefit of bromfenac to standard of care

Chen et al.
(2010) [54]
Retrospective, uncontrolled
25 eyes
3 months
Nepafenac 0.1%Nepafenac with IVR/IVB for persistent SRF/IRF/PEDVA and CMT unchanged at end of studyNo significant change in VA or OCT with the addition of nepafenac

Flaxel et al.
(2012) [57]
Randomized, prospective, controlled,
30 eyes
12 months
Bromfenac 0.09%Bromfenac with IVR (C) versus IVR for new/recurrent exudative AMDNo difference for VA and no. of injections, but
CMT decreased more in C group ( )
Combination therapy with bromfenac may be more efficacious than IVR alone

Gomi et al.
(2012) [58]
Randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled,
38 eyes
6 months
Bromfenac 0.1%Bromfenac with IVR (C) versus IVR for exudative AMDFewer injections in C group ( )
VA similar ( )
CMT tended to be lower in C group ( )
Bromfenac may reduce the need for intravitreal injections

NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; AMD: age-related macular degeneration; C: combination; PDT: photodynamic therapy; CNV: choroidal neovascularization; VA: visual acuity; GLD: greatest linear dimension; CMT: central macular thickness; IVR: intravitreal ranibizumab; IVB: intravitreal bevacizumab; SRF: subretinal fluid; IRF: intraretinal fluid; PED: pigment epithelial detachment; OCT: optical coherence tomography.