Review Article

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Retinal Disease

Table 2

Studies treating diabetic macular edema with intravitreal NSAIDs.

StudySample size and durationNSAIDTreatment group(s)Visual outcomesAnatomic outcomes

Soheilian et al.
(2010) [83]
5 eyes
8 weeks
Diclofenac 500 mcg in 0.1 mLDiclofenac only (no comparison)VA improved in 2, worsened in 2, unchanged in 1CMT worsened in 4 of 5 at 2 weeks, mean CMT worsened at 8 weeks

Reis Ado et al.
(2010) [85]
40 eyes
1 month
Ketorolac 500 mcg in 0.1 mLKetorolac (20 eyes) versus control (20 fellow eyes)VA improvement seen in treated eye over fellow eye ( )No difference in foveal thickness or macular volume seen between groups

Maldonado et al.
(2011) [86]
25 eyes
30 days
Ketorolac 3000 mcg in 0.1 mLKetorolac only (no comparison)VA improved ≥5 letters in 28% at 30 daysNo significant improvement in macular thickness

Elbendary and Shahin
(2011) [84]
32 eyes
12 weeks
Diclofenac 500 mcg in 0.1 mLDiclofenac (16 eyes) versus 4 mg IVT (16 eyes)No difference in final mean VA or improvement
Only significant improvement in IVT group
Decreased CMT seen in both groups but not significantly different

NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; VA: visual acuity; CMT: central macular thickness; IVT: intravitreal triamcinolone.