Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Involvement in Inflammatory Diseases

Figure 2

RAGE signalling resulting in sustained inflammation. Engagement of RAGE with various ligands including AGEs, HMGB1, S100 proteins, and β2-integrin Mac-1 leads to an intracellular signalling cascade ultimately resulting in perpetual activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Since the promoter region of RAGE contains two NF-κB response elements, RAGE is upregulated where its ligands are present, associated with an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby promoting inflammatory cell recruitment.