Research Article
Preoperative White Blood Cell Count and Risk of 30-Day Readmission after Cardiac Surgery
Table 4
Characteristics of patients and white blood cell count categories.
| Characteristic | White blood cell count (in 1,000s) | <6.0 | 6.0–7.9 | 8.0–9.9 | 10.0–12.0 | >12.0 | value |
| Number of patients (2,176) | 433 | 845 | 541 | 224 | 133 | | Demographics | | | | | | | Age | | | | | | <0.001 | Female | 30.3 | 29.5 | 26.6 | 31.7 | 27.8 | 0.594 | BMI | | | | | | <0.001 | Comorbidities | | | | | | | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 26.3 | 31.6 | 36.8 | 32.6 | 34.6 | 0.014 | Vascular disease | 25.6 | 27.9 | 27.9 | 29.9 | 28.6 | 0.817 | COPD | 12.2 | 14.7 | 19.4 | 20.1 | 18.1 | 0.009 | History of dialysis | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 7.5 | 0.013 | Smoking | 9.7 | 17.9 | 28.8 | 35.7 | 30.1 | <0.001 | Cardiac history | | | | | | | Recent MI | 7.6 | 15.5 | 17.6 | 28.1 | 33.1 | <0.001 | CHF | 18.7 | 18.7 | 21.4 | 22.3 | 30.8 | 0.017 | Prior CABG | 5.1 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 0.256 | Prior valve | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 0.173 | Prior PCI | 15.9 | 18.6 | 19.2 | 17.0 | 18.8 | 0.699 | NYHA Class IV | 12.0 | 12.2 | 16.6 | 24.6 | 29.3 | <0.001 | Cardiac anatomy and function | | | | | | | Left main disease ≥50% | 22.9 | 27.9 | 27.9 | 31.3 | 37.6 | 0.012 | Single-vessel disease | 41.6 | 34.7 | 33.0 | 28.1 | 26.8 | 0.013 | Two-vessel disease | 27.5 | 28.2 | 28.8 | 32.9 | 28.5 | | Three-vessel disease | 30.9 | 37.2 | 38.2 | 39.1 | 44.7 | | Ejection fraction | | | | | | | <40% | 9.4 | 9.3 | 12.0 | 15.0 | 22.8 | <0.001 | 40%–59% | 11.1 | 10.9 | 14.1 | 18.2 | 9.5 | | 50%–59% | 25.9 | 24.2 | 24.1 | 21.5 | 26.0 | | ≥60% | 53.5 | 55.5 | 49.8 | 45.3 | 41.7 | | Procedural characteristics | | | | | | | Priority | | | | | | | Emergent | 1.6 | 2.8 | 6.1 | 10.3 | 23.3 | <0.001 | Urgent | 46.0 | 47.9 | 51.2 | 61.2 | 60.9 | | Elective | 52.4 | 49.2 | 42.7 | 28.6 | 15.8 | | Procedure | | | | | | | CABG | 50.6 | 59.1 | 62.5 | 67.4 | 66.2 | <0.001 | Valve | 31.4 | 23.7 | 21.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | | CABG/valve | 18.0 | 17.3 | 16.3 | 17.4 | 17.3 | | On-pump surgery | 92.4 | 92.0 | 88.7 | 89.7 | 90.2 | 0.213 | Nadir hematocrit <20 on bypass | 11.8 | 15.0 | 13.7 | 12.1 | 15.8 | 0.465 | Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) | | | | | | 0.656 | Time to initial extubation (min) | | | | | | <0.001 | Intraoperative myocardial infarction | 1.2 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 4.5 | 0.203 | Return to bypass | 5.1 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 0.343 | Management | | | | | | | RBC transfusion | 36.3 | 32.9 | 30.7 | 31.7 | 43.6 | 0.041 | Use of 2 or more inotropes within 48 hours | 2.1 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 0.278 | Adverse outcomes | | | | | | | Low-cardiac output failure | 7.4 | 8.8 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 14.3 | 0.063 | Stroke | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.687 | Mediastinitis | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.552 | Acute kidney injury | 29.3 | 33.6 | 31.4 | 37.5 | 38.4 | 0.128 | Reintubation | 3.0 | 2.8 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 0.239 | Return to operating room for bleeding | 6.0 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 4.5 | 0.005 | New atrial fibrillation | 32.1 | 34.8 | 31.8 | 32.6 | 36.8 | 0.650 | Leg wound infection | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.731 | Pneumonia | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0.354 |
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COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI: myocardial infarction; CHF: congestive heart failure; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft surgery; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; WBC: white blood cell; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft surgery; RBC: red blood cell; ICU: intensive care unit.
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