| Plants | Bioactive compounds and/or extracts | Animals used | Profibrogenic agents | Anti-inflammatory mechanisms |
| C. longa | Curcumin | Male Wistar rats [79] | Fish oil + ethanol | NF-κB, ↑IκBα, ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-12, ↓MCP-1, ↓MIP-2, ↓COX-2, and ↓iNOS | Female C57BL6/J mice [80] | MCD | ↓NF-κB, ↓ICAM-1, ↓COX-2, and ↓MCP-1 | Male C57BL6/J mice [81] | MCD | ↓MCP-1 and ↓CD11b | Male SD rats [144] | CCl4 | ↓IFN-γ, ↓TNF-α, and ↓IL-6 | Male SD rats [77] | CCl4 | ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-6, ↓MCP-1, ↓HMGB1, ↓TLR4, and ↓TLR2 | SD rats [110] | CCl4 | ↓NF-κB, ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-1β, ↓IL-6, and ↑IL-10 | Male C57BL6/J mice [145] | CCl4 | ↓IL-6 and ↓TNF-α | Rats [111] | CCl4 | ↓NF-κB, ↓IL-6, and ↓TNF-α | Male BALB/c mice [95] | TAA | ↓TNF-α and ↓macrophages | Male ob/ob C57BL/6J mice [82] | | ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-6, ↓MCP-1, ↓NF-κB, and ↓macrophages |
| S. marianum | Silymarin | Male Wistar rats [96] | CCl4 | ↓mast cells | Male SD rats [88] | DMN | ↓iNOS, ↓ICAM-1, and ↓NF-κB | Male OLETF rats [131] | MCD | ↓TNF-α, ↑Nrf2, and ↓ERK | Male CD-1 Swiss albino mice [97] | S. mansoni | ↓mast cells |
| G. biloba | EGB | Rats [112] | HFD | ↓NF-κB p65, ↓NF-κB | Male Wistar albino rats [98] | BDL | ↓TNF-α and ↓neutrophils | Male SD rats [146] | Ethanol | ↓TNF-α | Rats [113] | HFD | ↓NF-κB p65 |
| S. miltiorrhiza | S. miltiorrhiza | Male SD rats [147] | CCl4 | ↓NOSII | Male Kunming mice [148] | Iron dextran | ↓TNF-α and ↓IL-1α | Salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B | Male SD rats [130] | TAA | ↓HO-1, ↓iNOS, ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-6, and ↓IL-1β | Salvianolic acid B | SD rats [99] | CCl4 | ↓TNF-α and ↓CD14 | Male SD rats [114] | CCl4 | ↓NF-κB, ↑IκBα |
| G. glabra | Glycyrrhizin | Male SD rats [115] | CCl4 + ethanol | ↓NF-κB | Female BALB/c mice [100] | ConA | ↓Th1, ↓Th2, ↓Th17, ↓Treg, ↑IFN-γ, and ↑IL-10 |
| S. baicalensis | Baicalin | Male SD rats [149] | CCl4 | ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-6, and ↑IL-10 | Male SD rats [116] | Ethanol + I/R | ↓TLR-4, ↓MyD88, ↓NF-κB p65, ↑IκBα, ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-6, ↓iNOS, and ↓COX-2 |
| B. falcatum | Saikosaponin D | Male SD rats [117] | CCl4 | ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-6, ↓NF-κB p65, and ↑IκBα | Saikosaponin A | Male SD rats [110] | CCl4 | ↓NF-κB, ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-6, ↓IL-1β, and ↑IL-10 |
| B. aristata | Berberine | Mice [150] | CCl4 | ↓TNF-α |
| Ginseng species | P. notoginseng saponins | Male SD rats [151] | CCl4 | ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-6, and ↑IL-10 |
| A. paniculata | Andrographolide | Male SD rats [152] | BDL | ↓TNF-α and ↓IL-1β | Male SD rats [101] | Copper sulfate | ↓TNF-α and ↓Kupffer cells |
| Coffeespecies | Coffee | Male SD rats [153] | DMN | ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-1β, and ↓iNOS | Caffeine | Male Kunming mice [83] | Ethanol | ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-6, ↓MCP-1, ↓IFN-γ, and ↓IL-1β | Male SD rats [102] | TAA | ↓inflammatory cells | Decaffeinated coffee, polyphenols, and melanoidins | Male Wistar rats [154] | HFD | ↓TNF-α, ↑IL-6, ↓IFN-γ, ↓IL-1α, ↓IL-1β, ↑IL-4, ↑IL10, and ↑adipo-R2 | Chlorogenic acid | SD rats [118] | CCl4 | ↓TLR4, ↓MyD88, ↓iNOS, ↓COX-2, ↑Bambi, ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-6, ↓IL-1β, ↑IκBα, and ↓NF-κB |
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Note: ↓: inhibitory effect, ↑: inductor effect, adipo-R2: adiponectin receptor 2, Bambi: bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor, BDL: bile duct ligation, CCl4: carbon tetrachloride, CD11b: cluster of differentiation 11b, CD14: cluster of differentiation 14, ConA: concanavalin, COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2, DMN: dimethylnitrosamine, EGB: G. biloba extract, standardized extract of the leaves of G. biloba, a mixture mainly composed of flavonoid glycosides (24%) and terpenoides (6%), including ginkgolides and bilobalide, ERK: extracellular signal regulated kinases, HFD: high fat diet, HMGB1: high mobility group protein B1, HO-1: heme oxygenase-1, I/R: ischemia/reperfusion, IκBα: IkappaBalpha (NF-κB inhibitor), ICAM-1: intracellular adhesion molecule-1, IFN-γ: interferon gamma, IL: interleukin, iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase, MCD: methionine and choline deficient diet, MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1, MIP-2: macrophage inflammatory protein-2, MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88, NF-κB: nuclear factor kappaB, NF-κB p65: p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappaB, NOSII: nitric oxide synthase II, Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, OLETF: Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty, SD: Sprague-Dawley, TAA: thioacetamide, Th1: T helper 1, Th2: T helper 2, Th17: T helper 17, Treg: regulatory T cells, TLR: Toll-like receptor, and TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha.
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