Prominent Human Health Impacts from Several Marine Microbes: History, Ecology, and Public Health Implications
Table 1
Examples of allothchonous human pathogens detected in coastal waters.
Viruses
Concentration/Occurrence
Reference
enteroviruses
Present in 9 of 72 1-liter samples using RT-PCR at Avalon Beach, CA*. Present in 1 of 18, 220-liter samples using culture based methods for brackish water in St. Lucie River Estuary, FL.
60%–70% of approx. 100 mL seawater samples from Doheny and Avalon Beach, CA using culture-based methods. 37% of 668, 50 mL seawater samples from Hobie Cat Beach, FL using culture-based methods and confirmation by PCR
*Volumes reported do not account for the fact that a fraction of water sample was used during polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse-transcriptase- (RT-) PCR, or quantitative (Q) PCR.