Aspergillus fumigatus in Poultry

Table 1

Models of avian aspergillosis.

Species	Age^a	Experiment; duration	Immuno-suppression^b	Inoculation route^c	Inoculum^d	Mortality	References
Chicken (Gallus gallus)	1-day-old	21 days	N	L	ND	84%	[38]
Chicken	1-day-old	30 days	N	wAER	3.16×10^7	0%	[101]
Chicken	1-day-old	42 days	N	dAER	5 mg	6.7%	[102]
					10 mg	9.9%
					21 mg	17%
					42 mg	37.8%
					85 mg	53.6%
					170 mg	83.5%
					340 mg	93.3%
Chicken	1-day-old	25 days	N	dAER	500 mg	100%	[103]
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)	1-day-old	7 days	N	IAS	10^6	0%	[104]
Turkey	9-week-old	4 days	N		5×10^7	0%	[105]
	18-week-old					0%
Turkey	6-week-old	6 days	Y	IAS	10^8	16%	[106]
Turkey	10-week-old	42 days	N	IAS	5×10^6	0%	[107]
Turkey	3-week-old	56 days	N	dAER	5.18×10^8	33%	[80]
					5.18×10^9	55%
Quails (Coturnix japonica)	2-week-old	42 days	N	IT	1.2×10^7	20%	[108]
Pigeon (Columba livia)	4 to 5-week-old	7 days	N	IT	2×10^7	25%	[109]
			Y	IP		100%
			N			25%
			Y	IAS		100%
			N			100%
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)	ND	6 days	N	IT	1.35×10^6	100%	[110]

^aAt inoculation time; ^bdexamethasone injections (Y: yes, N: no); ^cwAER: wet aerosol; dAER: dry aerosol; L: contact with a contaminated litter; IT: intratracheal; IP: intrapulmonary; IAS: intra-air sac; ^dnumbers of conidia/bird except for aerosol (total dispersed inoculum); ND: nondetermined.