Defining Established and Emerging Microbial Risks in the Aquatic Environment: Current Knowledge, Implications, and Outlooks

Table 1

Methods used to detect VBNC state in waterborne microorganisms.

Method(s) Employed	Reporting author(s)*
Failure of microbial growth in culture media	[5]
Use of redox probes to detect microbial respiratory chain activity	[6, 7]
Incorporation of radio-labelled substrates in culture media	[8]
Resuscitation in embryo of egg yolk	[4]
Detection in immunodeficient mice	[9]
Addition of antioxidants to culture media	[10]
RNA-based genotypic approaches (16S/23S rRNA, mRNA)	[11]
cDNA microarrays	[2]
In situ hybridisation (FISH), microradiography, epi-fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry	[12]
Rapid enzyme assays	[13]
Oligonucleotide probes and tagged green fluorescent protein	[14]
Microbial quorum sensing	[15]

*This is a representative list of authors citing use of named methods for detection of VBNC state in waterborne organisms and therefore does not convey all published work in this area.