In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Spices and Medicinal Herbs against Selected Microbes Associated with Juices

Table 1

Ethnobotanical description, phytochemical composition, regulatory status, and part of plants used in antimicrobial study.

Scientific name	Common name	Family	Plant part tested	Phytoconstituents of part used	Traditional uses	References
Centella asiatica L.	Jalbrahmi, mandukparni	Apiaceae	Whole plant	Saponins, asiaticosides, brahminoside, and centelloside	Recommended for the treatment of various skin conditions such as leprosy, lupus, varicose ulcers, eczema, psoriasis, diarrhoea, fever, and amenorrhea and diseases of the female genitourinary tract	[26, 27]
Curcuma longa	Haldi	Zingiberaceae	Rhizome	Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), α-phellandrene, sabinene, borneol, zingiberene, and sesquiterpenes	Used to treat gastrointestinal upsets and arthritis pain and is tonic for the digestive system	[28]
Emblica officinalis	Amla	Euphorbiaceae	Leaves	Gallic acid, ethyl gallate, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloylglucose, and luteolin-4′-O-neohesperidoside	Source of Vitamin C, enhances food absorption, balances stomach acids, fortifies the liver, supports the heart, and promotes healthier hair	[29]
Mentha arvensis	Pudina	Lamiaceae	Leaves	Tannins, phenols, steroids, flavonoids, and volatile oils	Used to treat liver and spleen diseases, Asthma, and Jaundice	[30]
Rauvolfia serpentina Benth	Sarpagandha	Apocynaceae	Leaves	Alkaloids	Therapeutic actions being mainly effective in the treatment of hypertension and psychotic disorders like schizophrenia, anxiety, insomnia, and insanity	[31]
Terminalia arjuna	Arjun	Combretaceae	Leaves	Flavonoid	Used as a remedy for the treatment of ear ache	[32]
Withania somnifera	Ashwagandha	Solanaceae	Leaves	Steroidal withanolides	Claimed to have potent aphrodisiac rejuvenative and life-prolonging properties	[33]
Zingiber officinale	Saunth, dried ginger	Zingiberaceae	Rhizome	Gingerol (5-hydroxy-1-(4 hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) decan-3-one)	Commonly used in food products and beverages, carminative, antispasmodic, digestive, stomachic, vasodilator, appetizer, expectorant, bronchodilator, topical and local stimulant, analgesic, antiflatulent, aphrodisiac, antitussive, arthritis, rheumatism, sprains, muscular aches, pains, and laxative	[15]