Antibiotic Resistance Profile of E. coli Isolates from Lettuce, Poultry Manure, Irrigation Water, and Soil in Kumasi, Ghana

Table 1

Bacterial counts, geometric means, and ranges of E. coli isolates from lettuce, manure, soil, and irrigation water on all farms (n = 156).

Sampling site	Parameter	Geometric mean (MPN/100 ml) (log10 SD)	Range
KNUST	Lettuce	5.90 × 10^6 (0.65)	2.00 × 10^5–1.67 × 10^7
	Manure	3.954 × 10^6 (0.74)	2.00 × 10^5–1.31 × 10^7
	Soil	6.57 × 10^6 (0.69)	3.00 × 10^5–1.31 × 10^7
	Irrigation water	3.25 × 10^6 (0.57)	3.00 × 10^5–1.24 × 10^7
Deduako	Lettuce	1.83 × 10^6 (0.49)	2.00 × 10^5–5.7 × 10^6
	Manure	3.95 × 10^6 (0.71)	2.00 × 10^5–1.67 × 10^7
	Soil	4.15 × 10^6 (0.75)	2.00 × 10^5–1.31 × 10^7
	Irrigation water	4.68 × 10^6 (0.71)	3.00 × 10^5–1.31 × 10^7
Boadi	Lettuce	5.62 × 10^6 (0.56)	5.55 × 10^5–1.42 × 10^7
	Manure	2.97 × 10^6 (0.51)	2.80 × 10^5–5.7 × 10^6
	Soil	4.93 × 10^6 (0.60)	4.00 × 10^5–1.28 × 10^7
	Irrigation water	4.32 × 10^6 (0.69)	2.80 × 10^5–1.67 × 10^7