Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Two Kenyan Facilities: A National Referral and a Level Five Hospital
Table 9
Characterisation of the ESBL genotypes associated with MDR phenotypes in the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates.
ESBL-associated MDR phenotype
ESBL genotypes
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
Total N = 72 (%)
ELVH n = 12 (%)
KNH n = 43 (%)
ELVH n = 6 (%)
KNH n = 11 (%)
FOX-CRO-FEP-AMC-TZP-MEM
blaTEM + blaCTX-M-gp-9
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM
0 (0.0)
2 (4.7)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (2.8)
BlaTEM + blaOXA
0 (0.0)
2 (4.7)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (2.8)
blaSHV + blaOXA
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
1 (9.1)
2 (1.8)
blaOXA
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
FOX-CRO-FEP-AMC-TZP
blaSHV + blaOXA + blaCTX-M-gp-1
1 (8.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (9.1)
2 (2.8)
blaOXA
0 (0.0)
2 (4.7)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (2.8)
blaTEM
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaOXA
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaSHV + blaOXA
0 (0.0)
2 (4.7)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (2.8)
blaSHV + blaOXA + blaCTX-M-gp-1 + blaCTX-M-gp-9
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaOXA + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaOXA
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (9.1)
1 (1.4)
CRO-FEP-AMC-TZP-MEM
blaSHV
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaOXA + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (9.1)
1 (1.4)
FOX-CRO-FEP-MEM
blaSHV
2 (16.7)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (2.8)
blaCTX-M-gp-1
1 (8.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
FOX-CRO-AMC-MEM
blaTEM + blaSHV
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (16.7)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
FOX-CRO-FEP-AMC
blaTEM + blaOXA + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
CRO-FEP-AMC-TZP
blaTEM
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaSHV + blaOXA
1 (8.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
CRO-FEP-TZP-MEM
blaSHV
1 (8.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
FOX-AMC-TZP
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaOXA + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (9.1)
1 (1.4)
FOX-CRO-AMC
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (16.7)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (16.7)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaCTX-M-gp-2
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (16.7)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
FOX-FEP-AMC
blaTEM + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
FOX-CRO-FEP
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (9.1)
1 (1.4)
CRO-AMC-TZP
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (18.2)
2 (2.8)
CRO-FEP-AMC
blaTEM + blaOXA
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaSHV
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (16.7)
1 (9.1)
2 (2.8)
blaSHV + blaCTX-M-gp-9
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
CRO-AMC
blaOXA
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaCTX-M-gp-9
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
CRO-FEP
blaSHV
1 (8.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaCTX-M-gp-1 + blaCTX-M-gp-9
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM
1 (8.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (9.1)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaCTX-M-gp-1 + blaCTX-M-gp-9
1 (8.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaOXA + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaOXA
2 (16.7)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (2.8)
blaTEM + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
1 (9.1)
1 (1.4)
blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
CRO-TZP
blaTEM + blaCTX-M-gp-9
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaOXA
1 (8.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
CRO
blaTEM + blaOXA
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaCTX-M-gp-1 + blaCTX-M-gp-9
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM
0 (0.0)
3 (7.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
3 (4.2)
blaTEM + blaCTX-M-gp-9
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaOXA + blaCTX-M-gp-2
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaSHV + blaOXA + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaOXA
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaSHV + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaCTX-M-gp-1
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaSHV
0 (0.0)
1 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
blaTEM + blaSHV
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (16.7)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.4)
FOX: Cefoxitin; CRO: Ceftriaxone; FEP: Cefepime; AMC: Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid; TZP: Piperacillin/Tazobactam; MEM: Meropenem; n: sample size; ELVH: Embu level V hospital; KNH: Kenyatta national hospital. The values in parenthesis indicate the percentage proportion of E. coli and K. pneumoniae clinical isolates expressing ESBL genotypes associated with MDR phenotypes.
