Ytterbium Doped Gadolinium Oxide (Gd₂O₃:Yb³⁺) Phosphor: Topology, Morphology, and Luminescence Behaviour

Table 2

Kinetic parameters of Gd₂O₃:Yb³⁺ TL glow curve.

UV exposure time	𝑇1	𝑇𝑚	𝑇2	τ	δ	ω	𝜇=𝛿/𝜔	Activation energy E in eV	Frequency factor S in s^−1
5	101.9	132.4	170.1	30.67	37.77	68.44	0.552	0.704	7.9 × 10^9