Structural, Optical, Electrical, and Magnetic Properties of PVA:Gd³⁺ and PVA:Ho³⁺ Polymer Films

Figure 2

(a–c) FT-IR profile of PVA, PVA:Gd³⁺, and PVA:Ho³⁺ polymer films.

(a) PVA

(b) PVA:Gd³⁺

(c) PVA:Ho³⁺