Structural, Optical, Electrical, and Magnetic Properties of PVA:Gd³⁺ and PVA:Ho³⁺ Polymer Films

Figure 5

(a, b) Dielectric constant varies with frequency for PVA:Gd³⁺ and PVA:Ho³⁺ polymer films.

(a) PVA:Gd³⁺

(b) PVA:Ho³⁺