Performance and Trends in Millimetre-Wave CMOS Oscillators for Emerging Wireless Applications

Figure 2

Schematic of the VCO presented in [6]. The two trifilar transformers of 𝐼 and 𝑄 VCOs are highlighted in red and blue. Spirals couplings are represented by the thin arrowed lines. 𝐼 and 𝑄 are VCO outputs.