Association between Cystatin C and MRI Measures of Left Ventricular Structure and Function: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of 4,970 MESA participants by quartile of cystatin C.
Variables
Quartile 1
Quartile 2
Quartile 3
Quartile 4
P value
Demographics
()
()
()
()
()
Age, in years
56.5 (8.6)
59.7 (9.3)
63.4 (9.3)
67.8 (9.6)
<0.0001
Male
511 (38%)
647 (48%)
621 (54%)
591 (53%)
<0.0001
Female
836 (62%)
709 (52%)
529 (46%)
526 (47%)
<0.0001
Caucasian
453 (33%)
505 (37%)
484 (42%)
501 (45%)
<0.0001
Chinese
234 (17%)
172 (13%)
129 (11%)
116 (10%)
<0.0001
African
384 (29%)
359 (26%)
257 (22%)
274 (25%)
<0.003
Hispanic
276 (20%)
320 (24%)
280 (24%)
226 (20%)
<0.024
Medical history
HTN
425 (32%)
491 (36%)
524 (46%)
669 (60%)
<0.0001
Diabetes
142 (11%)
120 (9%)
95 (8%)
155 (14%)
<0.0001
Current smokers
158 (12%)
165 (12%)
151 (13%)
157 (14%)
<0.31
Renal disease (self-report)
20 (1.5%)
17 (1.3%)
31 (2.7%)
45 (4.0%)
0.0001
Laboratory/clinical parameters
Creatinine mg/dL
0.84 (0.2)
0.91 (0.2)
0.97 (0.2)
1.13 (0.5)
<0.0001
GFR MDRD mL/min/1.73 m2
91.8 (16.0)
84.0 (14.2)
78.4 (13.5)
67.8 (16.0)
<0.0001
Systolic BP, mm Hg
121.2 (20.2)
123.8 (20.0)
126.7 (21.0)
131.4 (22.9)
<0.0001
Diastolic BP, mm Hg
71.5 (10.5)
72.3 (10.2)
72.0 (9.9)
71.6 (10.6)
0.19
Body mass index Kg/m2
26.7 (4.8)
27.5 (4.7)
28.2 (4.9)
28.8 (5.2)
<0.0001
Body surface area m2
1.80 (0.2)
1.85 (0.2)
1.87 (0.2)
1.88 (0.2)
<0.0001
Medications
Antihypertensive meds
322 (24%)
414 (31%)
421 (37%)
598 (54%)
<0.0001
Beta-blockers
70 (5%)
86 (6%)
110 (10%)
157 (14%)
<0.0001
ACE inhibitors
107 (8%)
113 (8%)
122 (11%)
199 (18%)
<0.0001
ARB
23 (2%)
41 (3%)
30 (3%)
67 (6%)
<0.0001
Calcium channel blockers
127 (9%)
146 (11%)
145 (13%)
174 (16%)
<0.0001
Thiazide diuretics
47 (3%)
70 (5%)
79 (7%)
126 (11%)
<0.0001
Loop diuretics
10 (1%)
11 (1%)
15 (1%)
40 (4%)
<0.0001
Continuous variables as mean (standard deviation) and categorical variables as percentages; P value obtained using analysis of variance and chi-square test across cystatin C quartiles. cystatin C quartiles 1: ≤0.76, quartile 2: >0.76 & ≤0.86, quartile 3: >0.86 & ≤0.98, quartile 4: >0.98 in mg/dL; HTN: hypertension; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; MDRD: modification of diet in renal disease; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.
