|
| Study | Population (n) | Study type (data source) | CKD stage | Cardiac outcomes (%) | Outcomes (%) |
|
| Herzog et al., 1998 [54] | n = 34,189
Age ≥ 65 yrs 55%
Male 56% | Retrospective (USRDS) | ESKD | Cardiac-Death: 1-yr 41%; 2-yr 52%; 5-yr 70.2%; 10-yr 83% | All-cause: 1-yr 59%; 2-yr 73%; 5-yr 90%; 10-yr 97% |
| Muntner et al., 2002 [55] | n = 6,534
Age 48–63 yrs
Male 51%–61% | Retrospective (NHANES II) | eGFR < 70 75.9% | CV-Death (rate per 1000 p-y): eGFR ≥ 90: 4.1; eGFR 70–89: 8.6; eGFR < 70: 20.5 | All-cause death (HR): eGFR ≥ 90: 1.00 eGFR 70–89: 1.64; eGFR < 70: 2.00 |
| Go et al., 2004 [56] | n = 1.1 million
Mean Age 52 yrs
Male 45% | Retrospective (Kaiser Permanente) | ≥ CKD stage III or eGFR < 60 | CV Event (rate per 100 p-y/HR): eGFR 45–59: 3.65/1.4; eGFR 30–44: 11.3/2.0; eGFR 15–29: 21.8/2.8; eGFR < 15: 36.6/3.4 | All-cause mortality (per 100 p-y/HR): eGFR 45–59: 1.1/1.2; eGFR 30–44: 4.8/1.8; eGFR 15–29: 11.4/3.2; eGFR < 15: 14.1/5.9 |
| Foley et al., 2005 [3] | n = 1,091,201
Age ≥ 75 yrs 56.1
Male 39% | Retrospective (Medicare/USRDS) | CKD 3.8% (diagnostic coding) | CV Event Incidence: AMI 4–7 per 100 p-y; CHF 31–52 per 100 p-y; (HR 1.28–1.79) | All-cause death: HR 1.38–1.56 |
| HIllege et al., 2006 [57] | n = 2,680
Mean Age 65 yrs
Male 67% | Retrospective (CHARM) | eGFR < 60 36% | CV Death/Hosp. (HR) eGFR ≥ 90: 1.0; eGFR 75–89: 1.17; eGFR 60–74: 1.24; eGFR 45–59: 1.54 eGFR < 45: 1.86 | All-cause death (HR) eGFR ≥ 90: 1.0; eGFR 75–89: 1.13; eGFR 60–74: 1.14; eGFR 45–59: 1.50 eGFR < 45: 1.91 |
| McCullough et al., 2007 [58] | n = 37,153
Mean Age 53 yrs
Male 31% | Retrospective (KEEP) | eGFR< 60 14.8% | Prevalence CVD (OR): eGFR ≥ 90 1.0; eGFR 60–89 1.1; eGFR 30–59 1.4; eGFR < 30 1.3 | All-cause death (HR): CKD only 1.98; CVD only 3.02 CKD + CVD 3.80 |
| McCullough et al., 2008 [59] | n = 31,417
Mean Age 45 yrs
Male 24.5% | Retrospective (KEEP) | eGFR< 60 or ACR ≥ 30: 20.6% | Risk CVD/death (OR): CKD 1.44 No CKD 1.0 | Worst survival for combined CKD and CVD at time of screening |
|
