Review Article

Improving Prognosis Estimation in Patients with Heart Failure and the Cardiorenal Syndrome

Table 1

Classification scheme of the different types of the cardiorenal syndrome.

TypeNameDescription

1Acute CRSAcute worsening of heart function leading to kidney injury and/or dysfunction
2Chronic CRSChronic abnormalities in heart function leading to kidney injury and/or dysfunction
3Acute renocardiac syndromeAcute worsening of kidney function leading to heart injury and/or dysfunction
4Chronic renocardiac syndromeChronic kidney disease leading to heart injury, disease, and/or dysfunction
5Secondary CRSSystemic conditions leading to simultaneous injury and/or dysfunction of heart and kidney