Review Article
Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4—Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management
Table 1
Targets for cardiovascular risk modification in CKD.
| Traditional | CKD related |
| Physical activity | Proteinuria | Smoking | CKD progression | Obesity | Sympathetic nervous system | Blood pressure | Renin-angiotensin system | Glycemia | Left ventricular hypertrophy | Lipids | Mineral bone disorder | | Anaemia | | Inflammation | | Oxidative stress | | Coagulopathy | | Dialysis dose and quality |
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