Relationship between Plasma Leptin Level and Chronic Kidney Disease

Table 3

Association between plasma leptin level and chronic kidney disease (CKD), by subgroups.

Subgroups of interest	No. at risk	CKD weighted %	Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of CKD associated with log-leptin (95% confidence interval)*
Age
<60	4324	0.9	2.06(1.01to4.20)
≥60	1496	15.7	1.36(1.01to1.83)
Gender
Men	2627	2.8	1.43(0.96to2.12)
Women	3193	4.3	1.77(1.09to2.88)
Race-ethnicity, %
Non-Hispanic whites	2403	3.9	1.63(1.10to2.41)
Non-Hispanic blacks	1615	2.5	3.31(1.86to5.90)
Mexican Americans, others	1802	2.5	1.40(0.80to2.45)
Body mass index (BMI)
BMI <25 kg/m^2	2273	2.9	1.38(0.62to3.07)
25 kg/m^2≤ BMI <30 kg/m^2	2058	3.6	2.44(1.48to4.04)
BMI ≥30 kg/m^2	1489	4.9	3.30(1.91to5.70)
Diabetes
Absent	5358	3.2	1.70(1.23to2.35)
Present	462	10.1	1.41(0.42to4.73)
Hypertension
Absent	3908	1.6	1.42(0.66to3.07)
Present	1912	8.6	1.73(1.20to2.49)

∗Adjusted for age (years), sex (female, male), race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, others), education categories (<high school, high school, >high school), smoking (never, former, current), current alcohol intake (absent, present), body mass index (normal, overweight, obese), diabetes (absent, present), hypertension (absent, present), serum total cholesterol (mg/dL), glucose (mg/dL), insulin (uU/mL) and C-reactive protein (mg/dL), except the stratifying variable.