Modifiable Risk Factors for Early Mortality on Hemodialysis

Table 2

Risk factors for mortality.

Characteristic		Adjusted hazard ratio	C.I.	Unadjusted hazard ratio	C.I.
Age (years)	65–74	2.25	1.75–3.17	2.75	1.98–3.83
	>75	2.62	1.89–3.65	3.41	2.50–4.60
Sex	Female	0.74	0.59–0.95	0.83	0.66–1.05
Ethnicity	Asian	0.69	0.44–1.08	0.68	0.44–1.06
	Black	0.28	0.12–0.63	0.19	0.09–0.43
	Indian	0.74	0.43–1.26	0.56	0.33–0.94
	Other	0.6	0.33–1.11	0.51	0.28–0.94
Comorbidities	Diabetes	1.17	0.92–1.50	0.93	0.74–1.17
	Cardiovascular disease	1.44	1.12–1.60	1.90	1.51–2.40
	Peripheral vascular disease	1.34	1.02–1.77	1.64	1.28–2.12
	Cerebrovascular disease	1.34	1.01–1.79	1.70	1.30–2.24
	COPD	0.87	0.62–1.63	1.50	1.08–2.08
	Malignancy	1.72	1.32–2.25	2.14	1.65–3.76
BMI	<18.5	4.22	3.12–5.17	4.24	3.16–5.71
	24.9–30	1.05	0.70–1.44	0.99	0.70–1.53
	>30	1.17	0.83–1.66	0.98	0.70–1.33
Vascular access	Catheter	2.40	1.40–3.90	3.37	2.12–5.37
	Graft	0.98	0.23–4.23	0.85	0.20–3.67
Hemoglobin	<100 g/L	1.21	0.95–1.55	1.38	1.09–1.75
Predialysis care	Seen by nephrologist only	0.59	0.39–0.91	0.46	0.30–0.71
	Seen in multidisciplinary clinic	0.6	0.47–0.78	0.49	0.39–0.62