Theoretical Application of Irreversible (Nonequilibrium) Thermodynamic Principles to Enhance Solute Fluxes across Nanofabricated Hemodialysis Membranes

Table 1

Normal concentration of selected uremic toxin molecules in the blood and sieving coefficient.

Molecule	Normal concentration*	Sieving coefficient**
Creatinine	10.2 mg/L [51]	1.0
𝛽2-microglobulin	<2.0 mg/L [52]	0.35
Tumor necrosis factor-α	13.3±3.0 ng/L [52]	0.2

*Used as 𝐶_bulk.
**Determined from sieving coefficient versus molecular weight illustration [46].