| Risk factors in AKI requiring dialysis¶ | Group I | Group II | Group III | Group IV | P value | (N, 2,744) | N = 1,006% | N = 574% | N = 856% | N = 308% |
| Gender | | | | | 0.010 | Male (N, 2,694; 98.2%) | 98.4 | 98.4 | 98.6 | 95.7 | | Female (N, 50; 1.8%) | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 4.3 | | Age | | | | | 0.014 | <39 years (N, 29; 1%) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.9 | | 40 to 59 years (N, 869; 31.7%) | 32.8 | 28.9 | 29.2 | 39.9 | | 60 to 79 years (N, 1,525; 55.6%) | 55.1 | 56.6 | 58.5 | 47.1 | | >80 years (N, 321; 11.7%) | 11.2 | 13.6 | 11.2 | 23.7 | | Race | | | | | <0.0001 | White (N, 1,701; 61.2%) | 56.6 | 59.2 | 65 | 64.9 | | Black (N, 627; 22.8%) | 29.7 | 26.8 | 21.1 | 23.7 | | Other (N, 416; 15.2%) | 13.7 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 11.4 | | Creatinine* (mg/dL) 2.3 (1.4–3.1) | 3.0 (2.4–3.6) | 2.2 (1.7–2.8) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 3.0 (2.2–3.7) | <0.0001 | BUN* (mg/dL) 34 (20–56) | 47 (29–68) | 38 (25–52) | 21 (14–30) | 52 (30–78) | <0.0001 | CHF (N, 415; 15.1%) | 19.3 | 13.1 | 11.7 | 15.3 | <0.0001 | Cardiac arrhythmias (N, 457; 16.6%) | 15.5 | 18.3 | 16.7 | 17.2 | 0.545 | Peripheral circulation disorders (N, 203; 7.4%) | 5.6 | 8.7 | 10.5 | 2.3 | <0.0001 | Hypertension (N, 284; 10.3%) | 8.7 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 13 | 0.122 | Chronic pulmonary disease (N, 445; 16.22%) | 17.6 | 15.8 | 14.8 | 16.2 | 0.446 | Diabetes (uncomplicated) (N, 478; 17.4%) | 19 | 19.3 | 13.3 | 20.1 | 0.0020 | Diabetes (complicated) (N, 228; 8.3%) | 11.4 | 8.5 | 4.1 | 9.4 | <0.0001 | Renal failure (N, 484; 17.6%) | 22.3 | 20.9 | 11.3 | 13.4 | <0.0001 | Liver disease (N, 255; 9.3%) | 11.5 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 10.4 | 0.0073 | Solid tumors—no metastasis (N, 207; 7.5%) | 5.7 | 8.4 | 10 | 5.2 | 0.0013 | Coagulopathy (N, 444; 16.2%) | 15.7 | 16.5 | 16.9 | 14.9 | 0.815 | Fluid and electrolyte disorders (N, 887; 32.3%) | 31.3 | 30 | 28.7 | 50 | <0.0001 |
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