Acute Renal Failure in Patients with Severe Falciparum Malaria: Using the WHO 2006 and RIFLE Criteria

Table 2

Severe falciparum malaria patients with acute renal failure using the WHO 2006 and RIFLE* criteria in relation to RRT^† requirement and in-hospital mortality.

Criteria	RRT^† (n = 257) no. (%)			Death (n = 249) no. (%)
	No	Yes	P value	No	Yes	P value
WHO 2006
No ARF^‡	141 (99.3)	1 (0.7)		117 (86.0)	19 (14.0)
ARF^‡	63 (54.8)	52 (45.2)	<0.001	77 (68.1)	36 (31.9)	0.001
RIFLE*
No AKI^#	67 (100.0)	0 (0.0)		56 (90.3)	6 (9.7)
Any RIFLE*	137 (72.1)	53 (27.9)	<0.001	138 (73.8)	49 (26.2)	0.002
Risk	40 (100.0)	0 (0.0)		35 (89.7)	4 (10.3)
Injury	38 (88.4)	5 (11.6)		30 (69.8)	13 (30.2)
Failure	59 (55.1)	48 (44.9)		73 (69.5)	32 (30.5)

∗RIFLE: risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage renal failure. ^†RRT: renal replacement therapy. ^‡ARF: acute renal failure. ^#AKI: acute kidney injury.