Evaluation of the Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Rates of Oral Antidiabetic Prescribing in Accordance with Guidelines and Manufacturer Recommendations in Type 2 Diabetic Patients within a Long-Term Care Setting
Table 4
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of nursing home residents with diabetes, by presence of moderate to severe chronic kidney disease.
All ( = 2,032)
CKD stage
CKD stage < 3 ( = 1,302)
CKD stages 3–5 ( = 730)
value
Age (mean, SD)
72.6 (12.3)
71.6 (12.7)
74.5 (11.3)
<0.001
Female, (%)
1,171 (57.6)
743 (57.1)
428 (58.6)
0.494
Ethnicity, (%)
0.579
White, not of Hispanic origin
1,190 (58.6)
777 (59.7)
413 (56.6)
Black, not of Hispanic origin
281 (13.8)
181 (13.9)
100 (13.7)
Hispanic
501 (24.7)
306 (23.5)
195 (26.7)
Other
60 (2.9)
38 (2.9)
22 (3.0)
Location of facility, (%)
0.408
Texas
1,156 (56.9)
754 (57.9)
402 (55.1)
Colorado
816 (40.2)
508 (39.0)
308 (42.2)
Other
60 (2.9)
40 (3.1)
20 (2.7)
Health conditions, (%)
Hypertension
1,815 (89.3)
1,137 (87.3)
678 (92.9)
<0.001
Depression
1,567 (77.1)
982 (75.4)
585 (80.1)
0.015
Diabetic retinopathy
1,136 (55.9)
723 (55.5)
413 (56.6)
0.649
Dementia other than Alzheimer’s
1,111 (54.7)
726 (55.8)
385 (52.7)
0.189
anemia
931 (45.8)
540 (41.5)
391 (53.6)
<0.001
Congestive heart failure
812 (40.0)
455 (34.9)
357 (48.9)
<0.001
Functional status, (%)
Activities of daily living: extensive assistance to total dependence
1,393 (68.5)
892 (68.5)
501 (68.6)
0.956
Cognitive function: moderate—very severe cognitive impairment
964 (47.5)
639 (49.1)
325 (44.6)
0.048
Body mass index, (%)
0.043
Underweight (<18.5)
101 (5.0)
76 (5.8)
25 (3.4)
Normal (18.5–25)
715 (35.2)
469 (36.0)
246 (33.7)
Overweight (25–30)
513 (25.2)
325 (25.0)
188 (25.8)
Obese (>30)
693 (34.1)
427 (32.8)
266 (36.4)
Missing
10 (0.5)
5 (0.4)
5 (0.7)
Medication use, (%)
Cardiovascular drugs
1,448 (71.3)
901 (69.2)
547 (74.9)
0.006
Diuretics drugs
747 (36.8)
440 (33.8)
307 (42.1)
<0.001
Antidepressants
1,061 (52.2)
653 (50.2)
408 (55.9)
0.013
Antipsychotic agents
500 (24.6)
348 (26.7)
152 (20.8)
0.003
Antihistamines
237 (11.7)
137 (10.5)
100 (13.7)
0.032
Opiates
793 (39.0)
503 (38.6)
290 (39.7)
0.628
Antispasmodic agents (skeleton muscle)
123 (6.1)
82 (6.3)
41 (5.6)
0.537
Antispasmodic agents (smooth muscle)
182 (9.0)
125 (9.6)
57 (7.8)
0.175
Parkinson’s drug
38 (1.9)
29 (2.2)
9 (1.2)
0.112
Total number of unique medication used (mean, SD)
10.14 (7.7)
9.91 (7.7)
10.56 (7.6)
0.021
0–3, (%)
494 (24.3)
325(25.0)
169 (23.2)
4–8, (%)
347 (17.1)
239 (18.4)
108 (14.8)
9–14, (%)
647 (31.8)
407 (31.3)
240 (32.9)
≥15, (%)
544 (26.8)
331 (25.4)
213 (29.2)
Proportion with polypharmacy (9+ medications)
1,191 (58.6)
738 (56.7)
453 (62.1)
0.073
Any antidiabetic medications, (%)
1,116 (54.9)
704 (54.1)
412 (56.4)
0.303
Oral antidiabetic drug or GLP-1
657 (32.3)
450 (34.6)
207 (28.4)
0.004
Oral antidiabetic drugs
612 (30.1)
426 (32.7)
186 (25.5)
<0.001
Sulfonylurea 2nd generation
303 (14.9)
193 (14.8)
110 (15.1)
0.882
Metformin
321 (15.8)
265 (20.4)
56 (7.7)
<0.001
Thiazolidinediones
84 (4.1)
54 (4.1)
30 (4.1)
0.967
Nonsulfonylurea secretagogues
9 (0.4)
3 (0.2)
6 (0.8)
0.054
Alpha glucosidase inhibitor
1 (0.0)
1 (0.1)
0 (0.0)
0.454
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor
34 (1.7)
16 (1.2)
18 (2.5)
0.037
Amylin analogue
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
N/A
Combination of oral antidiabetic medications
18 (0.9)
11 (0.8)
7 (1.0)
0.792
GLP or GLP-1 injectables
69 (3.4)
39 (3.0)
30 (4.1)
0.183
Insulin
861 (42.4)
522 (40.1)
339 (46.4)
0.006
HbA1c reading dated within 1 year since NH admission
