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| Jahn | Pérez-Fontán | Loo | Steingass/Lehner |
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Frequency | 1820 MHz (L-band) | L, S, Ka band | UHF, L, S, Ka band | GPS L1, but others can be selected |
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Bandwidth | 30 MHz (wideband) | Narrowband, wideband | Depends on meas. campaign | Wideband |
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User | (i) Handheld at 4 km/h. | (i) Handheld. | Depends on meas. campaign | (i) Vehicle |
(ii) Vehicle at 40 km/h | (ii) Vehicle | (ii) Pedestrian |
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Dynamics | Constant velocity | Not provided for L band, wideband | Not provided | Variable velocity |
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| (i) Direct path | (i) Direct signal | (i) Direct signal | (i) Direct Path, up to 3 diffracted LOS |
Types | (ii) Near echoes | (ii) Multipath echoes. | (ii) Multipath echoes | (ii) Reflected echoes |
| (iii) Far echoes | (iii) Diffuse components | | |
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Number | Scenario dependant | 50 rays | Not provided | Up to 50 |
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Attenuation | 10 to 30 dB | 9 to 16 dB | <30 dB | Rice fading |
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Doppler | Not straightforward | Included in generated time series | Not straightforward | Deterministic included in the generated time series |
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| (i) LOS | (i) LOS | (i) LOS | (i) LOS |
Shadowing | (ii) Shadowing | (ii) Moderate shadowing | (ii) Light shadowing | (ii) House front diffraction |
(iii) NLOS | (iii) Deep shadowing conditions | (iii) Heavy shadowing | (iii) Trees |
| | | | (iv) Lamp posts |
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Elevation dependant | 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°, 55° | 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 70° 80° | 19° (other based on different references) | [5°, 90°], based on 9 levels of measurement data: 5°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80° |
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Azimuth dependant | None. | Uniform azimuth distribution. | None. | Distribution extracted from measurements and depends on elevation |
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| (i) Open | (i) Open | (i) Suburban | |
| (ii) Rural | (ii) Suburban | (ii) Tree shadowed | |
Environments | (iii) Suburban | (iii) Urban | (iii) Other based on different references | Urban and suburban for car and pedestrian |
| (iv) Urban | (iv) Tree shadowed | | |
| (v) Highway | | | |
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| (i) Different scenarios available | (i) Time series are obtained prior to statistical model generation | (i) Complete statistical model | (i) Downloadable model available |
| (ii) Complete statistical model | (ii) Complete statistical model for both LOS and multipath rays | (ii) To be used as baseline for other statistical models | (ii) Urban, suburban and rural |
| (iii) Good shadowing and NLOS approach | | | (iii) Vehicle and pedestrian |
| (iv) Available parameters for GNSS L-wideband | | | (iv) Realistic model |
Pros. | | | | (v) Includes different elevations |
| | | (vi) Includes houses, trees and lamp posts |
| | | | (vii) Low computational cost. |
| | | | (viii) Takes into account generated scenario |
| | | | (ix) Generates MP profile |
| | | | (x) Developed for GNSS |
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| (i) Measurements-based model parameters | (i) Measurements-based model parameters | (i) Measurements-based model parameters
| (i) The license does not allow the modification of the code. Although own propagation data can be used to modify the model
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| (ii) Not possible to obtain parameters for user-defined scenarios | (ii) Not possible to obtain parameters for user-defined scenarios | (ii) Not straightforward multipath parameters | (ii) Scenario needs to be reexecuted for each considered satellite |
Cons. | (iii) Constant velocity with fixed values | (iii) Not enough measured data to extract significant model parameters | (iii) Not enough available data to extract parameters for different scenarios | |
| (iv) No elevations over 55° | (iv) Limited data for applicable GNSS conditions: L band, wideband | (iv) No detailed user dynamics description | |
| (v) Rays Doppler not fully defined | | (v) Limited data for applicable GNSS conditions: L band, wideband | |
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