International Journal of Otolaryngology

Clinical Study

Noncleft Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Etiology and Need For Surgical Treatment

Table 2

Syndromic causes of noncleft VPI.
Velocardiofacial syndrome
Klippel-Feil syndrome
Epidermal-Nevus syndrome
Alagille syndrome
Turner syndrome
VATER syndrome
Unrecognized syndrome