| | Reference | Patients | Treatment history | RBE | 1Radiotherapy details | Median F/U in months (range) | Toxicity evaluated | Diagnostic criteria |
| | Jensen et al., 2011 [45] | Full C: 4
Mix. C/Ph: 25 | RT: 17
Relapse: 9
Re-RT: 2 | na | Full C, F/SF: 15–20/3
Mix, TD/F/SF/FW:
C: 24/8/3/5
P: 50/25/2/5 | 5.1 (2.4–10.8) | Any
Acute | Physical examination |
| | Demizu et al., 2009 [46] | C: 10
P: 42 | Surgery/CMT: 4/0
Surgery/CMT: 4/12 | C: 2–3.7
P: 1.1 | Carbon, TD/F/SF/FW:
57.6/16/3.6/5
Proton, TD/F/SF/FW:
65/26/2.5/5 | 2C: 28
2P: 25 | Radiation-induced optic neuropathy | MRI
CFF |
| | Hasegawa et al., 2006 [47] | C: 14 | na | na | TD: 56
F: 16–18
SF: 3.0–4.0
Weeks: 4–6 | na | Radiation-induced optic neuropathy | MRI
VEP |
| | Weber et al., 2006 [48] | P/Ph: 36 | Biopsy: 8
GTR: 28
CMT: 14 (no conc.) | 1.1 | TD: 69.6 (60.8–77)
(20–84.4% protons)
P, SF: 1.6 (1.4–1.8)
Ph, SF: 1.8 (1.6–2.0)
BID fractionation | 52.4 (17–122.8) | Any late visual | Neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation |
| | Miyawaki et al., 2009 [49] | C: 5
P: 23 | All had biopsy or STR | na | Carbon: 57.6/16/2.5
Proton TD/F/SS:
65/26/2.5 | 2C: 32
2P: 39 | Radiation-induced brain changes | MRI
Physical examination |
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1Doses expressed in Gy (RBE), numbers are median values or range if separated by a tract, 2Data refers to a wider group of head and neck patients, F/U: followup, C: carbon ion, Mix.: mixed, RT: radiotherapy, Re-RT: re-irradiation, Ph: photons, P: protons, CMT: chemotherapy, TD: total dose, F: number of fractions, SF: single fraction dose, FW: fractions a week, CFF: critical flicker frequency, VEP: visual evoked potential, na: not available, GTR: gross total resection, STR: subtotal resection, conc.: concomitant, BID: bis in die.
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