Research Article
Assessment of Single-Word Production for Children under Three Years of Age: Comparison of Children with and without Cleft Palate
Table 2
Mean and standard deviation for PEEPS measures for children with and without cleft palate and statistical comparisons.
| Measure | NC | Cleft | -test | | | Mean | SD* | Mean | SD* |
| Phonetic Inventory | | | | | | | | No. Consonants | 65.9 | 11.5 | 25.8 | 15.7 | 9.88 | ≤0.001 | 2.91 | No. Initial Cons | 14.6 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 3.3 | 8.66 | ≤0.001 | 2.65 | No. Medial/Final Cons | 14.0 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 11.37 | ≤0.001 | 3.47 | Syllable Structure | | | | | | | | Initial Clusters | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 4.58 | ≤0.001 | 1.38 | Accuracy | | | | | | | | PCC-Total | 86.5 | 15.1 | 34.9 | 20.2 | 9.83 | ≤0.001 | 2.89 | PCC-Nasals | 97.9 | 5.2 | 66.9 | 25.7 | 5.05 | ≤0.001 | 1.67 | PCC-Glides | 78.1 | 42.0 | 69.2 | 48.0 | 0.58 | 0.567 | 0.19 | PCC-Stops | 96.0 | 6.0 | 47.3 | 25.2 | 8.05 | ≤0.001 | 2.65 | PCC-Fricative | 94.5 | 8.0 | 29.6 | 11.8 | 14.76 | ≤0.001 | 4.72 | PCC-Affricates | 79.7 | 33.3 | 11.8 | 28.1 | 7.54 | ≤0.001 | 2.20 | PCC-Liquids | 84.3 | 16.1 | 24.1 | 18.8 | 11.44 | ≤0.001 | 3.43 | Error Analysis | | | | | | | | % Word Errors | 10.7 | 9.8 | 76.3 | 17.0 | −15.69 | ≤0.001 | −4.72 | % Substitutions | 3.5 | 3.7 | 23.9 | 13.9 | −6.44 | ≤0.001 | −2.00 | % Omissions | 2.3 | 3.5 | 16.6 | 13.9 | −4.54 | ≤0.001 | −1.42 |
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Note. SD: Standard deviation, : Cohen’s.
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