Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of V₂O₅ Cluster Modified N-Doped TiO₂ for Degradation of Toluene in Air

Table 1

Absolute electronegativity, calculated conduction band (CB) edge, calculated valence band (VB) position, and bandgap energy for P25, V₂O₅, and N-doped TiO₂ at the point of zero charge.

Semiconductors	Absolute electronegativity (𝑋) (/eV)	Calculated CB position (/eV)	Calculated VB position (/eV)	Band gap energy 𝐸𝑔 (/eV)
P25	5.81	−0.19	2.81	3.0
V2O5	6.10	0.48	2.72	2.24
N-doped TiO2	—	−0.19	2.56	2.75