Acid Treatment of Titania Pastes to Create Scattering Layers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Table 1

Performance characteristics of DSC under 1 sun of illumination based on a variation of acid immersion time. The active cell area is 1 cm² and 5 cells were produced for each data point.

Acid immersion time	𝑉oc (V)	𝐽sc (mA/cm^2)	FF	Efficiency (%)
0 min	0.73 (0.01)	7.68 (0.46)	0.74 (0.01)	4.15 (0.20)
1 min	0.72 (0.01)	8.20 (0.59)	0.71 (0.02)	4.17 (0.21)
5 min	0.75 (0.01)	9.46 (0.33)	0.71 (0.03)	4.98 (0.24)
20 min	0.72 (0.02)	9.91 (0.63)	0.72 (0.02)	5.12 (0.34)
60 min	0.73 (0.01)	9.80 (0.15)	0.72 (0.01)	5.09 (0.13)