Mapping Global Solar Radiation from Long-Term Satellite Data in the Tropics Using an Improved Model

Table 3

Names, latitudes, longitudes of measurement stations, and period of data. Also shown in this table are the values of root mean square different (RMSD) and mean bias difference (MBD) obtained from the comparison between the model and measured long-term monthly average daily radiations.

No.	Stations	Latitude; (Degree)	Longitude; (Degree)	Altitude; (m)	Period of data		RMSD (%)	MBD (%)
1	Chiang Rai	20.08	99.88	495	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		7.1	3.7
2	Mae Hong Son	19.43	97.96	730	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		11.6	6.5
3	Doi Intanon (Mae Klang)	18.40	98.67	564	Mar, 2005–Dec, 2009		10.3	3.1
4	Nan	18.72	100.75	459	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		5.6	−1.2
5	Chiang Mai (Sansai)	18.83	98.88	565	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		5.1	−2.3
6	Mae Sa Riang	18.17	97.93	698	Jan, 2005–Dec, 2009		4.4	−0.9
7	Phrae	18.06	100.06	390	Jan, 2005–Dec, 2009		4.6	−1.9
8	Tak	16.80	98.90	562	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		7.9	−1.8
9	Loei	17.40	101.00	492	Apr, 2005–Dec, 2009		4.0	−0.5
10	Nong Khai	17.87	102.72	177	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		3.7	−0.8
11	Khon Kaen	16.45	102.78	179	Feb, 2002–Dec, 2009		4.1	−0.4
12	Nakhon Panom	16.97	104.73	184	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		5.1	1.7
13	Surin	14.88	103.50	162	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		2.7	0.1
14	Ubon Ratchathani (Agr. Met)	15.28	105.14	160	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		3.7	1.5
15	Nakhon Ratchasima	14.97	102.08	218	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		2.6	0.6
16	Roi Et	16.07	103.00	153	Mar, 2006–Dec, 2009		5.8	−5.0
17	Phitsanulok	16.78	100.27	137	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		3.6	−1.3
18	Phetchabun	16.43	101.15	250	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		3.3	−0.6
19	Nakhon Sawan	15.67	100.12	50	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		3.1	0.6
20	Lop Buri	14.83	100.62	54	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		3.6	0.4
21	Bangkok	13.75	100.52	2	Apr, 2002–Dec, 2009		7.4	6.6
22	Kanchanaburi (Muang)	14.02	99.53	159	Jan, 2005–Dec, 2009		3.8	−0.7
23	Kanchanaburi; (Thong Pha Phum)	14.73	98.63	345	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		2.9	−0.2
24	Sa Kaeo (Aranyaprathet)	13.70	102.00	62	Jan, 2007–Dec, 2009		4.7	2.6
25	Trat	11.77	102.88	68	Mar, 2006–Dec, 2009		5.1	−0.7
26	Prachin Buri	13.97	101.70	46	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		2.8	−1.3
27	Chon Buri	13.37	100.97	5	Mar, 2005–Dec, 2009		4.4	−0.5
28	Prachuap Khiri Khan	11.83	99.83	1	Feb, 2002–Dec, 2009		5.3	2.6
29	Chumphon	10.40	99.18	8	Mar, 2005–Dec, 2009		9.8	7.6
30	Ranong	9.98	98.62	34	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		2.4	1.7
31	Surat Thani (Samui)	9.47	100.05	1	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009		3.6	1.1
32	Surat Thani (Punpin)	9.13	99.15	10	Apr, 2005–Dec, 2009	5.3		0.7
33	Phuket	8.13	98.30	26	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009	6.4		−5.0
34	Trang	7.52	99.62	55	Mar, 2005–Dec, 2009	5.0		−0.2
35	Songkhla (Hadyai)	6.92	100.43	53	Jan, 2002–Dec, 2009	4.3		0.3
36	Narathiwat	6.40	101.82	8	Feb, 2002–Dec, 2009	4.4		−1.6
	Combined data					5.3		0.3

 *As the comparison is based on the long-term monthly average values, the total number of data used to calculate RMSD and MBD are equal to 12.