A Facile Synthesis of Granular ZnO Nanostructures for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Table 1

Photovoltaic and kinetic parameters of Z1, Z2, and Z3 DSSCs photoelectrodes along with their amounts of adsorbed dye and the onset potential for exponential distribution of the density of states (DOS).

Electrode	𝐽sc (mA/cm^2)	𝑉oc (V)	FF (%)	𝜂 (%)	Adsorbed dye; (mol/cm^2)	𝑘𝑍/𝐸 (s^−1)	Onset potential; (eV versus Vacuum)
Z1	4.6	0.73	54.08	1.82	5.77 × 10^−7	5.58	4.45
Z2	4.46	0.70	52.17	1.64	4.55 × 10^−7	7.10	4.76
Z3	4.44	0.66	53.08	1.58	4.08 × 10^−7	16.85	4.87