Particle Size Effects of TiO₂ Layers on the Solar Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Table 5

Solar performance parameters of the DSSCs with triple-layer structures of different TiO₂ particle sizes in the first (bottom), second (middle), and third (top) layer.

Triple layers; (nm)	𝐽sc (mA/cm^2)	𝑉oc (V)	Fill factor	Efficiency (%)
200/100/9/FTO	10.08	0.78	0.67	5.26
200/9/100/FTO	8.46	0.77	0.65	4.28
200/9 + 100/9/FTO	10.72	0.77	0.65	5.38