Review Article
Fabrication, Modification, and Emerging Applications of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays by Electrochemical Synthesis: A Review
Table 2
Summary of TNAs based materials in water splitting.
| Photoanode | Light intensity (mW/cm2) | Electrolyte | Photocurrent (mA/cm2) | Water splitting (μmol/h/cm2) | Reference |
| C-TNAs | N/A; 500 W Xe lamp | 0.1 M Na2S + 0.02 M Na2SO3 | N/A | 1.6 (0.040 mL/h/cm2) | [126] | TNAs | 70; 300 W Xe lamp | 1 M KOH | [email protected] V versus NHE | 7.1 (0.178 mL/h/cm2) | [127] | C-TNAs (C-containing TiO2 based nanotube arrays) | 12.7, 300 W Xe Lamp | 1 M KOH | 1.96@0 V versus Ag/AgCl | 11.28 (0.282 mL/h/cm2) | [128] | TNAs with etching pretreatment | 87, 300 W AM 1.5 | 1 M KOH | [email protected] V RHE | 34.8 (0.87 mL/h/cm2) | [129] | Ru/[email protected] at% Ru | 100 | 1 M KOH | [email protected] V versus Ag/AgCl | 45 (1.08 mL/h/cm2) | [130] | TNAs (224 nm length, 34 nm wall thickness) | 100 | 1 M KOH | 13.0@0 V versus Ag/AgCl | 96 (2.30 mL/h/cm2) | [124] | TNAs | 110 | 1 M KOH + 0.5 M H2SO4 | 4.95 | 97 (2.32 mL/h/cm2) | [131] | TNAs | 74 | 1 M KOH | N/A | 140 (3.28 mL/h/cm2) | [132] | Leaf-like TiO2/TNAs | 320 | 2 M Na2CO3 + 0.5 M EG | [email protected] V versus SCE | 150 | [125] | Pyrococcus furiosus/TNAs | 74 | 1 M KOH | N/A | 234.88 | [133] | TNAs | 74 | 1 M KOH | [email protected] V versus Ag/AgCl | 250 | [134] | TNAs (three-step anodization) | 320 | 2 M Na2CO3 + 0.5 M EG | 24@−0.3 V versus SCE | 420 | [135] | Pt@TNAs | 320 | 2 M Na2CO3 + 0.5 M EG | 24.2@−0.3 V versus SCE | 495 | [80] | Pd@TNAs | 320 | 2 M Na2CO3 + 0.5 M EG | [email protected] V versus SCE | 592 | [79] |
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