Performance Improvements of Selective Emitters by Laser Openings on Large-Area Multicrystalline Si Solar Cells

Figure 2

SEM images of mc-Si wafer after laser ablation process, with the fluences of (a) 5 J/cm², (b) 3.5 J/cm², and (c) 2 J/cm².

(a)

(b)

(c)