Characteristics of Nanocrystallite-CdS Produced by Low-Cost Electrochemical Technique for Thin Film Photovoltaic Application: The Influence of Deposition Voltage

Table 3

Evaluation of strain and dislocation density of the CdS films deposited at different cathodic voltages.

Vg (mV)	As-deposited			Annealed			Comparison
	ε1 × 10^−3	δ1 × 10^11 (lines/cm^2)	N1 × 10^12 (cm^−2)	ε2 × 10^−3	δ2 × 10^11 (lines/cm^2)	N2 × 10^12 (cm^−2)	ε1/ε2	δ1/δ2	N1/N2
1445	5.64	1.57	3.2	2.68	0.25	0.2	2.10	6.28	16.0
1450	6.79	2.27	5.6	2.68	0.25	0.2	2.53	9.08	28.0
1455	6.79	2.27	5.6	4.54	1.01	1.6	1.50	2.25	3.5
1460	6.82	2.27	5.6	4.53	1.01	1.6	1.51	2.25	3.5
1465	6.79	2.27	5.6	4.53	1.01	1.6	1.50	2.25	3.5