Selective Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes Using Polyoxometalate Hybrid Supported on Magnetic Activated Carbon Nanoparticles under Sunlight, Visible, and UV Irradiation

Table 2

Comparison of photodegradation of MB, MO, and RhB by using STA, different STA-immobilized catalysts reported in the literature, and MAC-HMT-STA-MB.

Catalysts	Light	Cdye (mg/L)	Catalyst dosage (g/L)	Time (min)	Decolorization (%)	Ref.
SiW12O40^4− (homogeneous catalyst)	UV	MB (10)	0.17	90	98.5	[44]
SiW12O40^4− (homogeneous catalyst)	Vis.	MO (4.5)^a	8.89	140	21	[25]
H4SiW12O40 (powder)	UV	MO (10)	1	30	4.6	[45]
H4SiW12O40	Vis.	RhB (10)	1	480	45	[46]
H4SiW12O40/PVA	Vis.	RhB (10)	1	480	74	[46]
H4SiW12O40/PVA/Ag	Vis.	RhB (10)	1	480	100	[46]
(C16H36N)4(SiW12O40)-PVDF	UV	MO (15)	2 + 1.5 mM H2O2	510	97^a	[47]
(SiW12O40)30%-zeolite (NH4Y)	UV	MO (26)	0.5 + 0.9 L/min air	240	73	[48]
(SiW12O40)30%-zeolite (ZSM5)	UV	MO (26)	0.5 + 0.9 L/min air	240	75	[48]
Ag@Ag4SiW12O40	Vis.	MO (20)	1.25	5	100	[49]
MFNs@SiO2@Ag4SiW12O40/Ag	Vis.	MB (3.2)	0.5	10	90^a	[50]
SiW12O40-PANI-SnO2	Vis.^b	RhB (4.8)	20	60	100^a	[51]
H4SiW12O40/PVA/PMMA	UV	MO (10)	1^c	30	95.1	[45]
H4SiW12O40/PVA	UV	MO (10)	1^c	30	75.2	[45]
H4SiW12O40/PMMA	UV	MO (10)	1^c	30	13.8	[52]
H4SiW12O40/PA6	UV	MO (10)	5	30	99.3	[53]
H4SiW12O40/TiO2/K2Ti6O13	UV	MO (10)	1	70	50^a	[54]
MAC-HMT-STA-MB	Solar/Vis./UV	MB (40)	0.44	75	94.9/91.9/92.7	This work
MAC-HMT-STA-MB	Solar	MB (45) + RhB (8)	0.44	120	90.1 + 63.8	This work
MAC-HMT-STA-MB	Solar	MB (45) + MO (16)	0.44	75	91.0 + 59.0	This work

^aValue was estimated from original figure of the reference; ^bhigh-voltage 250 W Hg lamp; ^c[H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀] = 1 g/L. PVDF = poly(vinylidene fluoride); MFNs = magnesium ferrite nanoparticles; PANI = polyaniline; PVA = poly(vinyl alcohol); PMMA = poly(methyl methacrylate); PA6 = polycaprolactam.