Investigation of the Soan River Water Quality Using Multivariate Statistical Approach

Table 2

Statistical analysis of water quality parameters of the Soan River (premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons 2019).

Premonsoon season	Stations	EC	pH	Turbidity	Alkalinity	HCO3	Ca	Cl	Hard.	Mg	K	Na	SO4	NO3	TDS	DO	BOD	COD	TSS
	S-1	426	8.3	2.7	1.80	180	40	24	170	17	2.1	36	25	0.4	234	5.7	10	16	10
	S-2	541	7.55	6.8	2.00	200	44	36	170	15	6.3	50	30	1.7	325	5.5	15	25	20
	S-3	576	7.52	2.9	2.20	220	32	36	180	24	7.0	55	35	4.7	317	5.3	20	32	10
	S-4	754	6.65	63	3.00	300	40	18	200	24	8.2	90	40	12	415	2.1	87	420	142
	S-5	799	6.97	6.7	3.30	330	40	48	240	34	8.1	88	45	1.7	439	3.4	55	185	20
	S-6	1109	7.52	18	4.50	450	60	60	370	53	17.0	78	65	2.8	665	3.5	50	118	60
	S-7	1329	7.64	15.1	4.70	550	55	72	470	78	21.0	90	90	3.2	797	3.9	58	133	50
	Mini-	426.00	6.65	2.70	1.80	180.00	32.00	18.00	170.00	15.00	2.10	36.00	25.00	0.40	234.00	2.10	10.00	16.00	10.00
	Maxi-	1329.00	8.30	63.00	4.70	550.00	60.00	72.00	470.00	78.00	21.00	90.00	90.00	4.70	797.00	5.70	87.00	420.00	142.00
	Mean	790.57	7.45	16.46	3.07	318.57	44.43	42.00	257.14	35.00	9.96	69.57	47.14	3.79	456.00	4.20	42.14	132.71	44.57
	Std. deviation	325.05	0.52	21.34	1.17	138.01	9.73	19.29	117.43	22.88	6.61	22.24	22.89	3.87	203.18	1.34	28.14	141.92	47.18
	PSQCA/NEQS standards	NGVS	6.5-8.5	<5	NGVS	NGVS	NGVS	250	500	NGVS	NGVS	NGVS	NGVS	10	1000	5	80	150	200
Postmonsoon season	S-1	371	7.6	105	1.30	130	28	14	132	15	3.2	23	26	2.7	204	4.5	80	142	270
	S-2	403	7.3	82	1.22	122	28	22	140	17	4.8	25	34	3.7	222	4.2	102	190	210
	S-3	415	7.18	75	1.30	130	40	19	140	10	4.6	32	32	4.5	228	3.7	90	163	225
	S-4	445	7.01	67	1.40	140	40	26	150	12	5.3	35	34	6.1	245	3.5	95	170	190
	S-5	872	6.9	58	2.80	280	60	77	270	29	10.0	63	37	2.1	480	2.3	110	300	170
	S-6	1342	6.77	25	4.30	430	116	89	400	27	26.0	100	72	17	738	1.7	123	381	82
	S-7	550	6.85	45	1.80	180	44	29	190	19	6.8	37	32	8.2	303	3.3	97	177	130
	Mini-	371	6.77	25	1.20	122	28	14	132	10	3.2	23	26	2.1	204	1.7	80	142	82
	Maxi-	1342	7.6	105	4.30	430	116	89	400	29	26	100	72	17	738	4.5	123	381	270
	Mean	628.29	7.09	65.29	2.02	201.71	50.86	39.43	203.14	18.43	8.67	45.00	38.14	6.33	345.71	3.31	99.57	217.57	182.43
	Std. deviation	358.46	0.29	25.95	1.15	114.86	30.70	30.35	99.38	7.21	7.94	27.59	15.30	5.14	197.12	1.00	13.94	88.3	62.30
	PSQCA/NEQS standards	NGVS	6.5-8.5	<5	NGVS	NGVS	NGVS	250	500	NGVS	NGVS	NGVS	NGVS	10	1000	5.00	80	150	200

NGVS: no guideline value set; NEQS: National Environmental Quality Standards; PSQCA: Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority.