Fault Diagnosis of PV Array Based on Time Series and Support Vector Machine

Table 1

Fault classification labels and sample data.

Label	Classification	Feature	Quantity	Proportion
D0	Normal operation 1	Irradiation 600 W/m^2	20	4.6%
	Normal operation 2	Irradiation 800 W/m^2	20	4.6%
	Normal operation 3	Irradiation 1000 W/m^2	30	6.8%
D1	Fixed shading 1	Small area shading	60	13.6%
	Fixed shading 2	Large area shading	60	13.6%
D2	Random shading 1	Morning shadows	50	11.4%
	Random shading 2	Noon shadow	50	11.4%
	Random shading 3	Afternoon shadow	60	13.6%
D3	Aging degradation 1	Slight aging (12 Ω)	30	6.8%
	Aging degradation 2	Moderate aging (24 Ω)	30	6.8%
	Aging degradation 3	Severe aging (36 Ω)	30	6.8%