Table 3: Comparison of complications in different studies on pediatric procedural sedation.

Studies Procedures Mean age ± SD (yr) (min–max) Described complication % found in each study Equivalent % in our cohort Sury et al., 1999 [3] 1155 MRI N/A Failure 5 2.3 Beebe et al., 2000 [9] 572 MRI (2 mo–14 yo) Inadequate sedation 7.9 7.3 Total 20.1 22 Malviya et al., 1997 [1] 1140 MRI (48%) CT (27%) Cardiac (22%) Inadequate sedation Failure Desaturation ≤90% 13.2 3.78 5.5 8 2.3 5.77 Total 6.52 22 Lightdale et al., 2009 [11] 5045 Imaging (81%) 3.3 (1.4–6.4) Serious adverse events* Failure Desaturation§ 1.92 1.17 0.57 0 2.3 0 Haque and Fadoo, 2010 [12] 499 Oncology 4.2 (6 mo–14 yo) Desaturation¥ Apnea 2.4 0.6 5.77 0 Cravero et al., 2006 [13] 30037 Imaging (60%) Oncology (9%) GI (6%) 0–6 mo : 6% 6 mo–2 yo : 23% 2–8 yo : 47% 8 yo+ : 29% Desaturation ≤90% Apnea 1.57 0.24 5.77 0 Cravero et al., 2009 [10] 49836 Imaging (60%) Oncology (14%) GI (11%) 0–6 mo : 2% 6–12 mo : 6% 1-2 yo : 12% 2–4 yo : 21% 4–8 yo : 28% 8 yo+ : 29% Desaturation ≤90% for 30 s Apnea 1.54 5.75 5.77 0 Lavoie, 2012 448 Imaging (41%) GI (10%) (1 mo–18 yo) Failure Desaturation ≤90% Apnea Major complication 2.3 5.77 0 0 — — — —

*Serious adverse effects define as allergic reaction, aspiration, cardiovascular complications, need for resuscitation, unplanned admission, use of reversal agents, abnormal SpO2, prolonged sedation, and paradoxical reaction. §Desaturation defines as a sustained drop in oxygen saturation 5% from baseline for more than 1 minute and unresponsive to blow-by oxygen at 6 L/min, and/or head repositioning, suctioning, or stimulation. ¥Transient desaturation which was improved by head repositioning and increasing oxygen flow.