Intramural Ganglion Structures in Esophageal Atresia: A Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Study

Table 1

Summary of morphologic and immunohistochemical findings of the esophageal segments in human EA/TEF.

Tissue	Proximal segment (UEP)	Distal segment (DES)
Mucosa	Epithelial hyperplasia	Epithelial hypoplasia
	Dysplasia and dystrophy	Dysplasia and dytrophy
	Reduction of muscularis mucosae	Absence of muscularis mucosae
Submucosa	Hyperplasia of elastic fibers	Hypoplasia of elastic fibers
	Infiltration of myofibrilles	Dysplasia and dystrophy
	Dysplasia and dystrophy
Circular musculature	Muscular hypoplasia	Muscular hypoplasia
	Fragmentation of the myofibrilles	Disorganization of the myofibrilles
Intermuscular collagen and elastic tissues	Connective fibrosis	Connective fibrosis
	Endomisial fibrillogenesis	Endomisial fibrillogenesis
Myoenteric plexus of auerbach	Reduction of neurocells	Reduction of neurocells
	Increase of Schwann’s cells	Increase of Schwann’s cells
	Immaturity of neurocells	Immaturity of neurocells
Longitudinal musculature	Muscular hypoplasia	Muscular hypoplasia
	Fragmentation of the myofibrilles	Disorganization of the myofibrilles