Review Article

The Fetal Heart in Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome

Table 2

Comparison of the cardiac parameters assessed in the different proposed staging systems.

Quintero et al. 1999 [8]Rychik et al. 2007 [21] Shah et al. 2008 [48]Habli et al. 2008 [19]Stirnemann et al. 2010 [23]
“CHOP-score”“Cardiovascular profile score”“Cincinatti staging”

Cardiothoracic ratio x x
Ventricular wall thickness x x
Shortening fraction x x
Tei-index right ventricle x x
Tei-index left ventricle x x
AV regurgitation x x x
AV inflow x
Pulmonary insufficiency x
Outflow tract size x
Ductus venosus x x x x
Umbilical vein x x x x
Hydrops x x x
Umbilical artery donor x x x x

AV: ventricular valve.