Aquatic Exercise Programs for Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?

Table 2

Summary of findings of the selected intervention studies (population, intervention, and control).

Study
First author	Fragala-Pinkham	Thorpe	Fragala-Pinkham	Retarekar	Ballaz	Kelly
Year	2008	2005	2009	2009	2010	2009
Reference no.	[7]	[9]	[10]	[11]	[17]	[18]
Population
Number	16 (2 CP)	7	4 (2 CP)	1	12	5
Age range (in years)	6–12	7–13	2–19	5	14–21	9–11
CP subtype	Spastic	Spastic	Spastic	Spastic	Spastic	Spastic
Limb distribution	Hemiplegia; Diplegia	Hemiplegia; Diplegia	Hemiplegia; Diplegia	Diplegia	Hemiplegia; Diplegia; Quadriplegia	Hemiplegia; Diplegia; Quadriplegia
GMFCS level	I, II	I, II, III	I	III	I, II, III, IV	I, II, III
Other diagnosis	Developmental disabilities		Juvenile Idopathic Arthritis and Prader-Willi Syndrome
Intervention
Aerobic	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Anaerobic				Yes	Yes	Yes
Strength	Yes	Yes	Yes
Other	Yes	Yes			Yes
Duration	14 weeks	10 weeks	6 weeks–8 months	12 weeks	10 weeks	12 weeks
Session	45 minutes	45 minutes		30 minutes	45 minutes	60 minutes
Frequency	2 × week	3 × week	1-2 × week	3 × week	2 × week	3 × week
Control
Design	AB	ABA	AB	ABA	ABA	ABA
Analysis	Group	Individual	Individual	Individual	Individual/group	Individual